Acoustic emission behavior of shale under four point bending test

PXWAE Acoustic Emission System is useol to investigate the acoustic emission behavior of shale under four point bending test. In these tests, the maximum bending stress, bending strain, acoustic emission hits, acoustic emission energy and etc., are recorded. The results show that when vertical loads impose on the shale sample which has horizontal stratification planes, Kaiser effect does exist under four point bending tests. Kaiser point can be recognized directly from the stress vs. cumulative AE hits curve. But by the impact of shale’s stratifications and local failure during the tests, strain relaxation occur which makes it difficult to determine the Kaiser point only by the strain vs. acoustic emission curve. An accurate conclusion can be achieved by a comprehensive judgment combing with all test data, as well as the failure mode of rock sample. The research on acoustic emission behavior of rock in the stress state during bending tests to some extend can provide guidance to engineering practice for stability monitoring of mine roof or separation layer with acoustic emission monitoring technology.     

Three level direct torque predictive controlbased on fast virtual vector modulation

A novel scheme based on voltage prediction and fast virtual vector modulation algorithm for direct torque control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by diode clamped multi level inverter is proposed.The system is based on diode clamped three level inverter,which is widely applied to middle high voltage speed regulation.Combined with space vector modulation,the reference voltage vector for direct torque control is obtained by voltage predictive control algorithm,then zero vector and two adjacent virtual vectors are used to synthesize reference voltage vector based on non orthogonal 60° coordinate.The neutral point potential is controlled by using the neutral point current characteristics of small vectors,the desired basic voltages and their dwelling time can be easily obtained and fast space vector modulation is achieved.Simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed control scheme,that dv/dt of output voltage and neutral point potential of three level inverter are restrained effectively,and high dynamic and steady performances are obtained.     

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒入侵损失指标体系及直接经济损失评估

玉米褪绿斑驳病毒(Maize chlorotic mottle virus)是我国进境检疫性病毒,严重危害玉米的生长,给玉米生产带来巨大经济损失。文中根据科学性、系统优化、通用可比及实用性原则,结合玉米褪绿斑驳病毒特点,系统构建了玉米褪绿斑驳病毒损失评判指标体系,共1个一级指标、3个二级指标、11个三级指标。并对其在我国可能造成的直接经济损失作出初步评估,经估算,玉米褪绿斑驳病毒对我国造成的潜在直接经济损失达140.95亿人民币。     

A New Beam Column Element of Space Framed Structures for Nonlinear Analysis of Geometric Material

An incremental virtual work equation of three dimensional(3D) beam column element is proposed based on the UL method. The geometric nonlinear tangent stiffness matrix for 3D beam column element is deduced with the consideration of warping, shear deformation and effects of moment spatial rotation. Material nonlinearity is addressed by introducing plastic hinges at the element ends. And the Orbison sectional strength is modified in order to consider the effects of torsion moment and warping. The elastic plastic tangent stiffness matrix is acquired as the element ends are in plastic phase based on the flow theory. With a case studied, it is shown that the model can be used to predict accurately the ultimate bearing capacity and instability mode of 3Dspace frames by only one or two elements, and address the effects of warping and shear deformations effectively.     

Key rock strata effecting analysis on surface boreholeshear deformation fracture

A good method for creating a surface borehole for withdrawing coal strata methane is to build before excavation and use during the whole process. But the excavation greatly affects the overlying rock strata, and when the excavation face passes through the     

4-氨基安替比林比色法的局限性

以9种酚类物质和酚酸类物质为材料,探讨4-氨基安替比林比色法测定酚酸类物质的局限性。结果表明,这9种物质在所测定浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9848～0.9999。实验表明,除了单羟基的苯酚和邻甲苯酚的回收率为100%,双羟基的酚(邻苯二酚、间苯二酚),以及含有羧基的酚酸类化合物的回收率均低于22%,说明该方法不适合于对二酚和酚酸类化合物的测定。     

不同立地条件下的沙棘栽植试验

在盐碱地、草场退化地、废弃地等不同立地下栽植沙棘,通过3年的试验研究（1998-2000年）,结果表明：沙棘在pH值为8．77～9．18的盐碱地栽植可以成活,草场围栏成效快,围护效果显著。废弃地栽植沙棘生长正常,株高达76．4cm,冠幅达79．2cm×76．2cm。     

外商直接投资对福建省出口贸易效应的研究

外商直接投资是福建省出口贸易的主要力量。本文从出口商品总量、出口贸易方式、出口商品结构这3个方面来研究FDI对福建省出口贸易的具体影响,得出结论：外商直接投资促进了福建省出口贸易总量的增长,主导着福建省出口贸易方式,对出口商品结构的优化起到一定的积极作用,但是FDI在促进福建省技术进步方面的作用还有待提高。     

连锁超市生鲜商品进口采购及品质控制的系统分析

连锁超市的生鲜商品直接进口采购为连锁超市开辟了一条新的采购渠道,对增强连锁超市的竞争力及商品特色具有十分重要的现实意义。但生鲜商品直接进口采购对采购的方法、商品的选择、物流和品质控制相关的操作环节要求很高。因此,做好生鲜商品直接进口,采购人员应当尽快熟悉和掌握这一相对复杂的采购特点,并且采取积极有效的措施才能促进其扩大在连锁超市采购中的作用。     

西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）sRNA的富集与文库检测

 【目的】提取及扩增蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L）sRNA,并构建文库检测富集结果是否满足高通量测序研究要求。【方法】取蜜蜂3个级型不同发育阶段个体作为材料,分别提取总RNA后混合,从中分离出15～40nt的sRNA,反转成cDNA后构建文库,进行蓝白斑筛选。挑选288个单克隆进行测序,对测序结果进行分析。【结果】有效序列为214条,插入的cDNA片段大小范围为15～39 bp。其中,sme-miR-71c miRNA 65条,ncRNA（包括tm-RNA、intron_ghI、5.8s rRNA）5条,tRNA 28条,siRNA及其他sRNA 33条, CDS 1条,未知序列82条。【结论】本实验采用的方法能有效富集蜜蜂sRNA,能够满足高通量测序从中识别出蜜蜂miRNA的研究。